When seaching for PVB devices, what determines that size? The opening for the incoming H2O or the opening for outgoing H20 or are they the same for both?
Size selection is based on your allowable pressure loss through the device as well as the velocity,usually around 7-8 ft./sec. Both inlet and outlet are the same size.
Backflow preventers are flow-rated the same as water meters are, which means they can pass much more flow than you would normally have in a pipe of the same size. For a PVB, you can match the supply size of the pipe coming into the water meter, and not be killing system performance. The reason you see a lot of one-inch PVBs on systems fed from 3/4-inch plumbing, is that the zone valves will be one inch, and the plumbing is simplified by using all one-inch.
If you are having issues with water pressure and you're trying to minimize pressure loss, you would want to compare pressure loss charts for different sizes to see which has the least pressure loss for your designed flow rate. Counter to what you might think, there are times where you will get less pressure loss at a given flow rate in a back flow preventer that is SMALLER that one that is bigger, especially if you are looking at RPZ devices.
If marginal water pressure isn't an issue for you, then you fall back on Wet_Boots advice and use the size that is most conveniant.